Se Deus é uma galinha, eu sou uma vaca

Por Bianca Rati

Quando eu tinha 10 anos recebi uma bolsa parcial para estudar em uma escola particular de gente rica. Como profetizou meu nome (Bianca), eu era uma menina muito branca, quase albina, com o cabelo curtinho na altura da nuca, dentes separados e tortos, óculos (na época que era feio usá-los) e uma inocência extrovertida. Sentia hostilidade dos colegas desde o primeiro dia quando cheguei com minha mochila linda da Hello Kitty da qual eu tinha muito orgulho, mas achava que era apenas uma questão de fazer amizades. 

A garota mais popular da sala fazia aniversário um mês depois do começo das aulas, sua família tinha uma chácara em uma cidade do interior, onde a minha mãe nasceu e eu ainda tinha alguns familiares. Os planos para a festa era que um ônibus levaria todas as crianças até lá, onde passariam a noite. Eu tinha compartilhado com alguns colegas que tinha familiares na cidade da chácara, mas meus pais, por não conhecerem ninguém, não me deixaram ir na festa. Na segunda-feira posterior, colegas me abordaram dizendo: “Bianca, não é que encontramos seus parentes no caminho da chácara?” Confusa eu respondi: “Como assim?” Ele, já olhando para os outros e rindo respondeu: “Ué, vimos seus parentes no caminho, eles falaram ‘muu’ para gente, umas vacas brancas. Não foi você que disse que tinha família na cidade? Qual é a família de uma vaca?”  Não entendia direito porque ser chamada de vaca era humilhante, mas me senti humilhada. Esse apelido me perseguiu durante os 4 anos que estudei naquela escola. Quando eu pensava que tinham esquecido, ele retornava. 

No meu último ano escolar eu reencontrei minhas parentes, as vacas, de outra forma. Dessa vez porque minha família se mudou para zona rural por causa de uma oportunidade de trabalho dos meus pais. A colônia rural que estava morando é conhecida pela produção de leite e derivados, especialmente queijos. Ao lado de nossa casa ficava um pasto habitado por um rebanho de vaquinhas leiteiras, meu quarto ficava estrategicamente ao lado das vizinhas. Eu via elas se moverem, as ouvia falar enquanto mugiam e notava que  tinham uma rotina muito própria. Estudando loucamente para entrar na faculdade, eu passava horas no quarto e minhas companheiras de estudo eram aquelas vaquinhas. E mesmo assim, nunca fui até a cerca para dizer obrigada, não queria me associar com as vacas. 

Em uma sessão de terapia, cinco anos depois, minha psicóloga destacou essa história de infância com as vacas e me fez pensar no que essa palavra e esse animal significava para mim, o que me colocou em uma jornada para me reconectar com as vacas. Foi só depois de mais dois anos que eu começaria a realmente me envolver com a questão animal, mas conviver com as minhas vizinhas vacas me transformou de alguma forma. Perceber sua rotina, seu modo de vida e comportamento, perceber a sua presença, rasgou o véu de separação que tinha entre a minha experiência humana e a experiência animal. Será que nós somos tão diferentes assim? Ou, conforme relata a Bíblia, não somos também criaturas criadas pelo mesmo Deus? 

Quando estava me tornando vegana, com muita dificuldade para abandonar leite e derivados, descobri o quanto as vacas são animais incríveis por muito mais do que seus possíveis “produtos”. Descobri que as vacas leiteiras, como outros mamíferos, só dão leite enquanto grávidas, então são constantemente submetidas a inseminações artificiais contra sua vontade e exploradas até à exaustão. Elas são separadas de seus bebês tão logo eles nascem, para que o leite seja consumido por humanos e não pelos seus filhos. Vaca e bezerro, mãe e filho, choram e gritam em desespero enquanto são separados. Na época, eu não tinha ideia que aquela era a realidade das minhas vizinhas. Como minha casa ficava ao lado do pasto e não das operações da fazenda, não ouvia os gritos e choros, não via o estupro que provavelmente ocorria na propriedade atravessando a rua. Mas também nunca me perguntei o que acontecia com as vacas quando não estavam no pasto, o que elas vivenciam está escondido à vista de todos.

Hoje, penso que o véu que se rasgou por meio da convivência com as minhas vizinhas foi uma separação que por anos fui ensinada, uma abstração do animal enquanto ser vivo, do animal enquanto Criação como eu. Muitos ativistas da causa animal apontam esse fenômeno: nós deixamos de conectar os produtos que compramos nos mercados e lojas com sua origem por meio de um processo de dissonância. A dissonância é tão grande que às vezes a indústria utiliza imagens de animais aparentemente felizes em suas embalagens fazendo com que não pensemos em suas vidas ou morte, uma abstração necessária para produzir embalagens dissimuladoras. Pense sobre isso. Aliás, o mesmo ocorre quanto o sofrimento e a exploração de animais humanos e não humanos, bem como de toda a Terra.

Aqui no sul, um dos pratos típicos é o churrasco e na minha família sempre que eram servidos corações de galinha alguém fazia a piada mórbida: “E pensar que cada coração desses é uma galinha inteira!”. Ou seja, cada coração significa a morte de uma galinha. A piada era recebida com risadas um pouco constrangidas do grupo e sempre me deixava desconfortável. Eu nunca consegui comer coração de galinha. Desde pequena recusava dizendo que eles pareciam pequenos corações humanos. Mas hoje vejo essa piada familiar de outro modo. Querendo ou não, essa piada também quebra a dissociação e a dissonância, pois por alguns segundos, todos éramos obrigados a pensar na vida da galinha e, ainda que isso não tenha levado nenhum parente meu a deixar de comer os corações, de algum modo, a vida da galinha era reconhecida.

Anos mais tarde, já na faculdade, eu editava um podcast com a participação da teóloga Nancy Cardoso 1, ela falava sobre as imagens que temos de Deus e como geralmente são imagens masculinas (como Rei ou Senhor, Cordeiro ou Leão) apesar da própria Bíblia propor outras imagens. Como exemplo, ela citou Deus como galinha que esconde seus pintinhos abaixo de suas asas, presente nos textos Salmos 91:4, Mateus 23:37 e Lucas 13:34. Deus galinha é Deus feminino.

“Vaca” e “galinha” também são palavras usadas de forma pejorativa para ofender as pessoas em corpos femininos. Elas têm uma conotação sexual-moral implícita, que não sei se meu colega percebia aos 10 anos, mas ele já sabia que essa palavra me marcaria negativamente. Uma marca de vergonha, uma marca de um corpo feminino que, assim como os corpos das vacas e galinhas, experimenta a comodificação. Existem palavras mais pesadas na língua portuguesa, palavrões e xingamentos, mas é bastante revelador que a forma como vemos esses animais também se alinha com a forma como escolhemos ofender quem percebemos como mulheres.2

(Descrição da imagem: foto de uma galinha no meio da grama. Ela tem penas marrons e douradas e sob suas asas estão 3 pintinhos escondidos, atrás dela está outro pintinho.)

A imagem de Deus galinha muda tudo. Naquele dia em que editei o podcast, essa imagem me ajudou a me libertar de uma pesada angústia com a ideia de que Deus era homem e possivelmente um reflexo de uma dominação patriarcal. Essa imagem me ajudou a compreender Deus que tem asas quentinhas e seguras e tem um olhar furioso de determinação quando vê o perigo em direção aos seus pintinhos. A imagem de Deus como uma mãe galinha mudou a maneira como vejo Deus, além de qualquer gênero e transcendendo a forma humana, mas ternamente feminina e maternal.

Mas nos últimos meses, participando da fellowship CreatureKind e tendo a oportunidade de promover muitas conversas com cristãos a respeito do bem-estar animal, percebi que tem algo ainda mais profundo na imagem de Deus como galinha. Essa imagem é provocativa e até mesmo desconfortável. Ela nos apresenta a um Deus que prendemos em minúsculas gaiolas a serviço de nossos caprichos. Essa imagem nos faz perceber que somos imagem e semelhança de Deus que se projeta também como galinha. Esta imagem nos lembra daquela conexão perdida, de que somos todos criação, somos todos criaturas amadas.

Essa abstração do humano com o resto da natureza é um produto, principalmente, da colonização e supremacia branca, que roubou e matou para suprimir tudo aquilo que era diferente de si, para poder ser dona de tudo. Quando penso em como podemos resgatar essa conexão, penso em quem nunca a perdeu. Quando penso no que significa se compreender como Criação, lembro das falas do povo indígena Krenak falando sobre Watu, o Rio Doce que foi envenenado pela lama de rejeitos de minério da empresa Samarco em 2016:

“É como se a gente perdesse uma pessoa que a gente sempre viveu com ela e gostou muito. Então quando consideramos [Watu] como pai ou mãe é porque a gente sabe que a destruição por parte das empresas, que causaram ao Rio Doce, matou uma pessoa importante dentro da comunidade Krenak. Tirou um pedaço da gente.” (Amynoare, vice cacique aldeia Uatu)3

Se Deus é uma galinha, eu sou uma vaca. A conexão é um elo perdido de harmonia 4, um elo perdido de convivência. Um elo que precisa ser reconciliado. Essa reflexão que apresentei resume um pouco dos múltiplos pensamentos sobre estar em um ministério que foca no bem-estar de animais criados em fazendas. Este ministério não existe sem um chamado para reconciliar a conexão perdida com o resto da criação e com a natureza. E para iniciar o processo de reconexão, talvez possamos começar nos perguntando: como trataríamos os animais, de fazenda e outros, se víssemos Deus neles e eles em Deus?
1. Nancy Cardoso é uma teóloga feminista brasileira e pastora metodista. Ela trabalha há mais de duas décadas com a Comissão Pastoral da Terra, um movimento de igrejas em apoio à luta dos trabalhadores rurais em conflitos relacionados à terra. Algumas de suas obras podem ser lidas em português e espanhol, na Ribla (Revista de Interpretação Bíblica Latino-Americana)

2. Em Sex, Work, Meat: The Feminist Politics of Veganism, Carrie Hamilton destaca que, embora a comodificação seja algo vivenciado pelos corpos femininos, especialmente os corpos femininos racializados, devemos ter cuidado com essa comparação, principalmente quando se trata de comparações com o trabalho sexual. Como ela coloca, "O que marca a semelhança entre trabalho animal e trabalho sexual humano não é nenhuma semelhança fundamental na categoria de trabalho realizado, mas sim a frequente negação do próprio trabalho" (p. 14, tradução minha).

3. KRENAK - Vivos na Natureza Morta | A LAMA MATOU NOSSO RIO ep 01. Direção: Andrea Pilar Marranquiel. Produção: Canal Futura. YouTube. 22 de novembro de 2017. 13:07. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 07 de março de 2022.

4. Como proposto pelo Rev. Randy Woodley em Shalom and the Creation Community.

Giving Thanks for the Very Good-ness of Creation

By: Liesl Stewart

“The earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it; the world, and all who live in it.”  (Psalm 24:1)

Our family says these words together every night before dinner. Sometimes the words are a boisterous declaration; sometimes they are spoken with quiet reverence; often we say them super-fast so we can begin eating already! The words of this verse remind us that the world belongs to God, including every living creature, human and non-human. They declare that it is God alone who sustains us. And so, we thank God for food that nourishes us.

Equally, these words remind us to ask if God’s world has been treated with care to bring our dinner to the table. But how much do we truly know about our food?

More than a decade ago I began asking simple questions about my family’s food. When sitting to eat, I began asking myself:  

How was the earth treated to make this food?

How were the people who labored to make or supply this food treated and paid? 

How were farmed animals treated in their living and their dying? 

Who profited the most as the food moved from the farm to my table? 

How were the communities where this food was produced affected by the farming and production operations?

Acknowledging that I have the privilege of making choices about the food that I buy, did I make the best choices to honor God’s Creation with the knowledge and resources I had when I bought this food?

Who is able to access healthy and ethically-produced food, and who is excluded? Why are they excluded?

These questions led to many more questions. But the very act of bending into these questions, holding them before God and seeking information, is what I began to understand as a theology of the table—a theology that I will be forming for the rest of my days. As I’ve tried to align myself with God’s heart, my values have deepened for what I will and won’t eat.

Rev. Melanie C. Jones has said, “At the center of the Christian faith is a theology of the table that realizes sharing, radical inclusivity, and social justice as means towards sustainable living.”1 We who want to align ourselves with God’s heart for Creation can affirm the truth of this bold statement. After all, eating is a spiritual activity. In the book Food & Faith: A Theology of Eating, Norman Wirzba writes: “To approach food with a concern for its theological depth is to acknowledge that food is precious because it has its source in God.”2
In Genesis 1:31, when God finished creating the world and all life upon it, God pronounced everything “very good.” This is a proclamation of delight! At the time of creation and now, this very good-ness not only applied to created matter, tissue, sinew, and cellulose, but, importantly, it also applied to the harmonious relationships residing between all creatures and Creation —a dynamic goodness. In her book The Very Good Gospel, Lisa Sharon Harper discusses this concept in depth, writing: “God’s mighty web of interconnected relationships was forcefully good, vehemently good, abundantly good!”3

We, however, live in a suffering world that longs for reconciled relationships. We see this clearly in our broken food system where food is viewed foremost as a commodity and not as provision from God’s own Creation. The environment, the soil, the people, and the animals are groaning under the oppressive demands of such a system. 

The current intensified approach to food production has had dire consequences for farmed animals. They aren’t regarded as living creatures belonging to the God who creates and sustains all life. Instead, they suffer terrible lives and frightening deaths in factory farms—which increasingly are more accurately described as “factory” than “farm.” 

For the people paid to work within this industry—whether on the farms, transporting animals, or slaughtering them on production lines—the consequences are also grim. They suffer from the evils they witness or even must perform as part of their jobs, often working for very low pay under pressured and harsh conditions. 

Recently, I drove behind a truck taking sheep and cows to the slaughterhouse. I don’t know how they lived, but these animals were suffering in their deaths—a cruel process of being transported in a packed truck to then stand awaiting their turn to be killed, which is sometimes a wait of days. I wondered about the terrible emotional effects on the truck driver and the workers receiving the distressed animals at the slaughterhouse.

When we treat animals only as “meat-producing machines” 4 for the sake of efficiency and cheaper food, our fellow creatures are truly miserable. Can we express gratitude to God if exploitation and suffering are present at the table, and in fact, made the meal possible?

Do we know what kind of animal farming we’re supporting with our money? Many people mindfully choose to become vegans or plant-based eaters. If we’re going to eat farmed animal products, however, let us take care to buy from farms where humans and animals are able to flourish. Yes, the animal products are likely to be more expensive than those produced by intensive farming. As they should be! This is a call to eat less animal products and eat them only when we’re certain they’ve been farmed with care regarding how the animals have lived and died and how the people involved have been treated. 

Whether consciously or not, we all have a theology of the table that reflects our understanding of Creation. I invite you to respectfully consider your own communion over the table. What questions would you raise about the food you’re eating, maybe aspects that haven’t been raised above?

When we sit down to eat, may the food on our tables proclaim the very good-ness of Creation as we thank God for sustaining us. May it reflect our Creator’s love and delight for all creature-kind.

Let’s be mindful as we affirm: The world and all who live in it belong to God.


1. “Just Food: Grow, Sell, Eat”, a A Union Presbyterian Seminary webinar with Union’s Center for Social Justice and Reconciliation and the Katie Geneva Cannon Center for Womanist Leadership. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMTS-9RpFU8&list=PLq1zKD6DFrpR1-n3yZMBdlZiLID1smadh&index=3
2. Norman Wirzba, Food and Faith: A Theology of Eating (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 29.
3. Lisa Sharon Harper, The Very Good Gospel: How Everything Wrong Can Be Made Right (Colorado Springs, WaterBrook Press, 2016), 13.
4. Norman Wirzba, Food and Faith: A Theology of Eating (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 24.

Practicing Merciful Dominion

By: Andrea Krudy

Guiding Text 

“Therefore, the Kingdom of Heaven can be compared to a king who decided to bring his accounts up to date with servants who had borrowed money from him. In the process, one of his debtors was brought in who owed him millions of dollars. He couldn’t pay, so his master ordered that he be sold—along with his wife, his children, and everything he owned—to pay the debt.

“But the man fell down before his master and begged him, ‘Please, be patient with me, and I will pay it all.’ Then his master was filled with pity for him, and he released him and forgave his debt.

“But when the man left the king, he went to a fellow servant who owed him a few thousand dollars. He grabbed him by the throat and demanded instant payment.

“His fellow servant fell down before him and begged for a little more time. ‘Be patient with me, and I will pay it,’ he pleaded. But his creditor wouldn’t wait. He had the man arrested and put in prison until the debt could be paid in full.

“When some of the other servants saw this, they were very upset. They went to the king and told him everything that had happened. Then the king called in the man he had forgiven and said, ‘You evil servant! I forgave you that tremendous debt because you pleaded with me.Shouldn’t you have mercy on your fellow servant, just as I had mercy on you?’” (Holy Bible ESV, Matthew 18: 23-34)

Hey, I’m Andrea.

As a homeschooler in Northern Michigan, I knew more chickens than humans until I was about nine years old. My family ran a hobby farm featuring ducks, cats, cattle, sheep, and pigs. I sledded with chickens, rode pigs, and bottle-fed calves. At the fair, I swung into the sheep stalls of my older siblings’ “projects” flexing on the city kids who thought all the small animals were babies. “But what happens after the fair?” I wondered. Really, I knew. 

I had a gift for choosing the most obstinate animals as my own, and my family members were not bashful about nicknaming my sheep “Freezer” when they were anxious to put him there. I knew what happened at the slaughterhouse, but no one could answer why it happened. “That’s just the way it is,” was my only consolation. I wrapped my small arms tightly around my dog Rochester’s neck, thankful that a butcher’s knife would never do the same. When the butcher came to the car window to talk to my dad about “fat content,” I glared at him. I blamed him. When I was sixteen, I realized he was only doing what I asked him to do. Whether I liked it or not, I was also responsible for what happened behind slaughterhouse doors.

In this essay, I use “our'” or “we” to address my readers. These terms reference people who participate in their country’s industrial agriculture system, myself included. It is my hope that every reader can find inspiration, and if the Spirit prompts, conviction. “As it is written, ‘There is no one righteous, not even one.’” (Holy Bible ESV, Romans 3:10) Even so, I recognize that each reader’s lived relationship to this topic of dominion is different from my own, especially so with the experiences of my BIPOC 1 siblings.

I am also convicted of my deep need for humility as I realize that even in my best ethical efforts I am imperfect. This truth has been exposed to me throughout the CreatureKind Fellowship Program and thanks is due to Aline Silva and Sarah Withrow King. Ultimately, I write to everyone who is curious or unconvinced that animals deserve consideration in how we serve God. I want to help people ask the question, “How can I make my life more like the one God has called me to live?” 


God’s Exercise of Dominion on Earth: Shalom

“In the beginning God created the Heavens and the earth…”(Holy Bible ESV, Genesis 1:1). God designed Creation and the processes through which it flourishes. “...and God said, Let us make humans in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth” (Holy Bible ESV, Genesis 1:26). The Psalter echoes the design of this human dominion saying, “You made [humankind] rulers over the works of your hands; you put everything under their feet: all flocks and herds, and the animals of the wild, the birds in the sky, and the fish in the sea, all that swim the paths of the seas” (Holy Bible ESV, Psalm 8: 6-8). 

God created this structure of dominion and called it “good.” In this opening Genesis passage, the original Hebrew word for “dominion” is radah. It is defined as “to rule, have dominion, dominate, tread down” (Blue Letter Bible). It is used in twenty five Old Testament verses, most often in referring to the oppressors who will punish Israel, Israel’s authority over other nations, and God’s dominion over Israel (Holy Bible ESV, et al). At a glance this authority may seem intemperate, yet 1 Kings boasts of a radah ruler who “had peace on every side'” (Holy Bible ESV, 1 Kin 4:24). More on this later.

In his book Shalom and the Community of Creation, Randy Woodley encourages Christians to immediately pursue shalom on earth. This ideal is well demonstrated in Indigenous communities, especially in relating to human peers, animals, and the natural world. While often interpreted simply as “peace,” Woodley writes that shalom can also be defined as “wholeness, health, peace, welfare, safety, and soundness”(Woodley, 2012). These principles with which God created the world are maintained through the diversity of Creation. Without this diversity—of fruit trees and thistles, robins, pandas, and termites—shalom is broken and with it, God’s heart. “God’s design for and delight in diversity are embedded in the creation narratives, which describe order, relationships, stewardship, beauty, and rhythm as the essential foundations for shalom, the way God designed the universe to be” (Woodley, 2012).

There is joy in participating in the shalom that God intended in this world. Author Marilynne Robison encourages Christians to view challenging situations as “a chance to participate in the grace that saved us.” (Robinson, 2004). God created community to sustain Creation and privileged humans to live among and care for God’s other creatures. Yet when God entered Creation, Jesus’s ministry was rejected by many because God’s dominion didn’t look like they thought it should. Born among livestock to a humble carpenter and a teen girl, Jesus showed preference for  people who were disenfranchised and overlooked, and in doing so he revealed God’s truth. Wouldn’t it make sense for us to listen to similar voices?  I take inspiration and courage from Genesis Butler, who stopped eating meat at the age of three and all animal products at six. She changed her food choices because she asked good questions about where her food came from and got unsatisfactory answers (Butler, 2017). 

Human Exercise of Dominion: Abuse 

Dominion was part of God’s shalom design, but we are defining “dominion” differently than God does. Many Christians point to the Genesis 1:26 passage to inform their theology on the treatment of non-human animals, too often with devastating ramifications. Yet some of us don’t examine this word that has justified so much cruelty. What is our lived definition of dominion? From my experience growing up on and around farms, and what I see in animal agriculture today, we define it in this way: “Freedom to act as we wish without regard for the consequences to others. License to cause suffering, to separate families, to confine, to maim. Clearance to ignore pain and confinement. Full and free permission to kill for human profit.” A study considering physical pain responses in pigs demonstrates this lived definition. It found that standard pork industry procedures, including tail-docking, castration, and ear-notching, caused pigs to react with “pain-specific behaviors” such as bottom-dragging, trembling, and head shaking (Ison, 2016). Yet most pigs used for food endure these mutilations even without painkillers. “...with force and harshness [we] have ruled them.” (Holy Bible ESV, Ez 34:4b). 

While reading the opening parable, I picture the authority structure of Creator to Creation and of the further division of that authority between humans and earth and its creatures. I feel we, especially those of us with more societal privilege, must step into the discomfort of considering ourselves the middle-person in the parable: a forgiven debtor turned oppressor. Tempted to ignore my own responsibility, I pass blame to farmers and butchers like I did as a child. Yet, an examination of the demographics of people who work at slaughterhouses and meat-packing plants reveals that these workers, like the animals who don’t want to be there, often have few other choices. It is we who demand inhumane products (animal or otherwise)—whether we know full-well how they were produced or remain ignorant—who participate as oppressors. 

In Genesis One, God did not grant any people group dominion over another people group. God’s dominion birthed a world of harmony, community, and diversity that has been upset by some humans’ desire for superiority. This yearning to take the place of God affects cultures around the world. Yet, perhaps nowhere is this better illustrated than in my home country of the United States. Here, people who look like me have driven hundreds of years of genocide, oppression, marginalization, and violence towards our BIPOC siblings, the earth, and its other inhabitants. Our food system exemplifies this injustice—a system built on the backs of immigrant laborers in unsafe work conditions, fueled by billions more animals than the landscape can support, and benefiting money-hungry corporations, all on the stolen land of people who didn’t want to leave. 

Ignacio Davalos, a worker at a pig processing facility said of the work conditions, “We’ve already gone from the line of exhaustion to the line of pain.… When we’re dead and buried, our bones will keep hurting” (“When We’re Dead”, 2019).  For workers at slaughterhouses and meat-packing plants, conditions are often brutal. Unbending line speeds compel some workers to wear diapers or relieve themselves at their work stations (“No Relief”, 2016). Their proximity to dangerous equipment slices skin and mingles their blood with that of the animals they are dismembering (“When We’re Dead”, 2019). In one instance, a worker was persuaded to sign away his legal rights with a pen held in his teeth after both hands were crushed in a workplace incident (Schlosser, 2020). Immigrant laborers are vulnerable to a lack of workplace protections because the legal status of some may threaten their employment. Seeking medical care, exposing sexual abuse, and requesting legal compensation could threaten their jobs, and therefore, the well-being of their families.

Is this what God’s dominion looks like? Is God’s dominion abusive? Is it painful? Does it mock suffering? Does God in gluttony take more than enough? If this is how we demonstrate God’s dominion, surely our imitation grieves God. I chose the parable at the beginning of this essay, because it reminds me that we often fail to extend to others the mercy we have received from God. I believe this should convict us in our dominion over animals. 

How can we mimic God’s dominion in our food choices?

1 .We can center the voices of marginalized people and animals.

 In Esther, God used a woman living in a patriarchal society, a wife of arranged marriage, and a persecuted Jewess to secure justice for her people. Following God’s example, those with relatively more social power, like myself, must listen to those with less. Look around at God’s dominion: it’s just, it’s creative, it’s diverse, it’s merciful, and it uplifts those who are suffering. 

2. We can show restraint.

How do we know that we ought to practice restraint in our actions? Because God calls us to self control in every good thing except in prayer and praise; even in our eating (Holy Bible ESV, Rom 13:14, 1 Cor 6:12). Because those who are “righteous have regard for the life of their animal” (Holy Bible ESV, Prov 12:10). Re-examining the use of radah within scripture, we see God’s warning against ruthlessness. (Holy Bible ESV, Lev 25). Restrained dominion is God-like dominion.

3. We can be merciful. 

God “delights to show mercy” and calls the merciful blessed.(Holy Bible ESV, Mic 7:18 & Mat 5:7). It should not be lost on us how frequently God compares Godself to a shepherd. What does a good shepherd do? “Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care, watching over them—not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be; not pursuing dishonest gain, but eager to serve; not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock” (Holy Bible ESV, 1 Pet 5). Merciful dominion is God-like dominion.

If you still plan to eat meat, fine. Even so, I urge you to consider its sourcing, who is affected by what you put on your table, and how you are representing God to the suffering. Our daily lives, including our food choices, define what dominion means to us. Does our lived definition reflect God’s hope? I wonder if a thorough examination of the journey our food takes to our table would demonstrate God’s dominion.

1. BIPOC as defined here: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/BIPOC.

Works Cited 

Butler, Genesis. “A 10-Year Old's Vision for Healing the Planet .” TEDxCSULB, Youtube, 19 May 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4ptaIDAIlY.

Dollar, Nathan T. “Who Are America's Meat and Poultry Workers?” Economic Policy Institute, Economic Policy Institute , 24 Sept. 2020, https://www.epi.org/blog/meat-and-poultry-worker-demographics/. 

Holy Bible. ESV ed., Good News Publishers ; Crossway Bibles, 2007. 

“H7287 - Rāḏâ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (ESV).” Blue Letter Bible, https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h7287/esv/wlc/0-1/. 

Ison, Sarah H, et al. “A Review of Pain Assessment in Pigs.” Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media S.A., 28 Nov. 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5124671/.

Jabour, Anya. “Immigrant Workers Have Borne the Brunt of Covid-19 Outbreaks at Meatpacking Plants.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 22 May 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/05/22/immigrant-workers-have-born-brunt-covid-19-outbreaks-meatpacking-plants/. 

“The Killing Zone.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 23 Feb. 2002, https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2002/feb/23/weekend7.weekend2. 

“No Relief: Denial of Bathroom Breaks in the Poultry Industry.” Oxfam Report, 9 May 2016, https://s3.amazonaws.com/oxfam-us/www/static/media/files/No_Relief_Embargo.pdf. 

Robinson, Marilynne. Gilead , Picador, New York, New York, 2004, p. 124. 

Schlosser , Eric. “America’s Slaughterhouses Aren’t Just Killing Animals.” The Atlantic , 12 May 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/essentials-meatpeacking-coronavirus/611437/

“‘When We're Dead and Buried, Our Bones Will Keep Hurting.’” Human Rights Watch, 4 Sept. 2019,https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/09/04/when-were-dead-and-buried-our-bones-will-keep-hurting/workers-rights-under-threat. 

Woodley, Randy. Shalom and the Community of Creation: An Indigenous Vision (Prophetic Christianity Series (PC)), 2012. (Kindle Locations 271-272). Kindle Edition.

Calling all Flesh on Earth

This homily was written and delivered by Aline Silva for the CreatureKind Advent Service in December 2021.

Hello everybody, it’s good to be with you today. My name is Aline. I am a QBIPOC who is a lightskin femme. I am wearing my short, wavy, black hair down, purple lipstick, and a blouse and sports jacket in shades of deep blue. I am sitting in front of a stained glass window with burgundy and beige walls. 

A reading from the gospel of Luke. 

Text:

Luke 3:1-6

3 In the fifteenth year of the reign of Emperor Tiberius, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod was ruler of Galilee, and his brother Philip ruler of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias ruler of Abilene, during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John son of Zechariah in the wilderness. [and] John went into all the region around the Jordan, prophesying a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins,

4 as it is written in Isaiah, John proclaimed, “ ‘Prepare the way of the Lord, bend not to every crooked way. 5 Fill up the valleys, level out the mountains, and make the rough ways smooth; [then]

6 and all flesh shall see the salvation of God.’”  

(adapted from the NRSV by Aline Silva)

Leader/reader/preacher: The Word of the Lord for all God’s creatures
All: Thanks be to God

Sermon: Calling All Flesh of the Earth
Aline Silva

Since the author of our text begins with a focus on the rulers of his time, I want to begin from a place I have not yet begun: me, myself, and I. In the words of my friend, Alicia Crosby, a minoritized person, one who works on the daily to dismantle her own internalized oppressions. A person of mixed origins, with an immigrant story. Someone whom God has called for such a time as this. I want to begin here because this is my call for each of us to remember who we are, where each of us is coming from, and especially to call us to remember when it is that we are living right now. I invite you to breathe in and reflect on this for a moment. -15 sec. Silence-

The author of John starts with the rulers of the time and their region because he is saying: don't you forget how they are treating you and ruling over you. In a society built on shame, separation, allegiance to Empire, and classism, even the way you worship the Lord is dictated. Remember: they strip God’s creatures of worship, of the land, of access to prosperity, their ability to be fruitful and multiply. They disrupt the collective’s harmonious relationship with the Way. 

The author goes on to tell us that — very aware of this misuse of power and the ruling class’s allegiance to Empire — John goes around the region saying there is still time for the people to change and build a society on a foundation of equity. So much equity, familia, AAAAALLLLLLLLLLLLLL FLESH will experience the salvation of God!! Hallelujah! 

I am plant-based and that's my business (lol aunty Tabitha Brown). But this gets me all excited in my spirit because it tells me that even the creatures on the bottom of God’s overfished seas, or the baby shrimps in the pet stores locked up behind glass tanks in that dirty ass recycled water (drunk face emoji), or the billions of animals we slaughter for food each year while creating a massively inequitable food growing, harvesting, distribution, and access system— even they, beloved, WILL experience the salvation of our GOD. Hallelujah!! *cried real tears* 

And they and we and the people who work with them and those who live around the places where these babies are overfished and horrifically raised, fed, handled, transported, and slaughtered---WE, beloved, need this liberation badly. WE need it urgently and we NEED it NOW.

We are still living in a global pandemic. Disinformation and lack of access to vaccinations continue to kill God’s beloved creatures everywhere because of this zoonotic disease. And the “leaders” have come to a place of not even trying to avoid this kind of event anymore. They are just trying to “prepare” for the next one. 1 This is thoroughly confusing to me. We know where zoonotic diseases come from.2 3 4 We have alarming evidence for knowing the next pandemic will come from factory farms. But instead of changing the systems through which we produce and distribute food, we put more money into expanding these operations, putting the lives of God’s humans, animals, and earth in irreversible danger.

And as if that weren't enough, we’re experiencing the rise of Christian nationalism, horrific violence in Palestine, climate forced migration, capitalism, and speciesism in farms and fields everywhere — systems that continue to enslave indigenous peoples just to get meals on our tables. Black and Brown people are still dying under state-sanctioned violence. Anti-Asian hate rises. White supremacy rules and is in bed with these courts. The USA infrastructure bill has not gone far enough on behalf of the earth or its inhabitants. We have also not created a path for global citizenship.

And of course, how could I forget to mention, these clowns gathered in Glasgow for the Climate Change Conference. For an issue affecting those on the margins and those on the very bottom of this current hierarchy, they gathered not under the leadership of those affected most. Of course they featured some voices on the issue, but their solution to the most pressing human crisis of our day is to defer to companies and billionaires currently using the earth as a resource and capitalizing on it rather than joining it in worship to the Creator. Instead of standing in solidarity with the oppressed by our current climate (political, social, and other), they pledged their allegiance to Mamom and the elite ruling class. And they didn’t even mention industrial farming as a leading cause of climate change. Lol.

Just to name the real impact of having these folks in power and, you know, in case we’re still trying, like John, to remember... ;) 

...remember that there is still time, beloved! You too. Me too.  We, together, can still take part in the prophecy. We ourselves can prophesy a baptism of repentance. 

Let me give you a quick example on how we can indeed prioritize the most affected and take our power back. Last year around this time we were hearing news of millions of farmers from India taking to the streets. They wanted to protest a new law that privatized and sold their labor in the stock market. And they won, beloved!!! Hallelujah! After almost a whole year of organizing, calling their leaders to change, they led the biggest protest we know of in modern history and changed the law! They called the leaders into accountability and reminded them, “We know who we are, the power of our labor. We are not open for trade.”

My bud Shae Washington reminded me of my own narrative of call when she led us in a time of considering a company-wide winter rest recently. With the words of fellow pastor, Mary Oliver, we were reminded, and I paraphrase, and this is my interpretation of it, “then you knew what you were supposed to do and then got to it, then the voices fought to keep you from it and their power got stronger as you drifted further from nurturing yourself on your way to heeding the call.”5

You see, beloved, the ego and the spirit cannot be separated from one another. 

God calls us, calls me, in the wholeness of who we are with all of our identities. When we don’t listen, care, and nurture, we forget what we once knew. We lose our passion, we cause harm to one another, and we overwork ourselves thinking that we are the saviors of ourselves and the world. *cried real tears*

And yes, of course we need you. We need all of you. We need you well rested. We need you with good and sober memories. We need you so we take some things back and level things out. 

Let’s go back to the text, to the origin of this story: 

Luke 1:39-55

39 In those days Mary set out and went with haste to a Judean town in the hill country,
40 where she entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth.
41 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the child leaped in her womb. And Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit
42 and exclaimed with a loud cry, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb. 43 And why has this happened to me, that the mother of my Lord comes to me?
44 For as soon as I heard the sound of your greeting, the child in my womb leaped for joy.
45 And blessed is she who believed that there would be a fulfillment of what was spoken to her by the Lord.”
46 And Mary said, “My soul magnifies the Lord,
47 and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,
48 for God has looked with favor on the lowliness of this servant. Surely, from now on all generations will call me blessed;
49 for the Mighty One has done great things for me, and holy is their name.
50 Their mercy is for those who fear God from generation to generation.
51 God has shown strength; has scattered the proud in the thoughts of their hearts.
52... has brought down the powerful from their thrones, and lifted up the lowly;
53 God has filled the hungry with good things, and sent the rich away empty.
54 God has helped their servant Israel, in remembrance of mercy,
55according to the promise made to our ancestors, to all descendants forever.”

Rev. Dr. Wilda Gafney has just published a Women’s Lectionary for the whole church. And she says three things of this text that I would like to bring to your attention:
1. The text shows that the folks in the story are theologians and divine conversation partners. They are also evidence that God is concerned with the bottom members of hierarchies.6
2. She goes on further to say that this text claims all who nurture young ones, participate in God’s work in the world and are recipients of the promise of God’s care keeping.7
3. Lastly, Rev. Dr. Gafney says, and I paraphrase, the child is the embodiment of reconciliation. The extraordinary child is sent [to liberate all flesh]. “To prepare for the return of this child will complete the work of reconciliation and restoration.”8

We need you to participate in the welcome party, my loves! 

This Advent, in this time of holy waiting, I want to call you to actively rest, to radically care, and to redistribute the power and wealth. I am calling you to join us in leveling out hierarchies such as speciesism, racism, and capitalism. Like Ciara, but instead of up, we are evening things out. Ready? 🎼" 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. LEGO! Level out. Level out. Level out. Level out."🎼


God is in it. We are not alone. As I read the narrative and the text, God is deeply invested in the bottom of the hierarchy and those who are on the margins. 

Could it be that it’s because Jesus, too, was one of the minoritized and marginalized. A traveler, migrant, refugee, low caste, religious person who also came to save and liberate those who were without an out and were at the bottom of the hierarchy of his day? I am no Bible scholar, simply another theologian and divine conversation partner. This is just my imagination. My wonder. I wonder, and I wonder I lot.  

Thankfully though, I do not have to depend on my own imagination to know I am right about whose side God’s on. Thankfully I can depend on the witness and proclamation of my ancestors and all the saints who ran before me so I could walk and talk with you today.

Rev. Dr. James Cone in God of the Oppressed, says, and I quote, “The gospel of liberation is bad news to all oppressors because they have define their ‘freedeom’ in terms of slavery of others. The gospel will always be an offense to the rich and the powerful, because it is the death of their riches and power.” 9

I am calling you to remember that God’s dream is a world built on equity. We want land back to itself and to its original caretakers, for we know that under their care we did not experience the extinction or the mass murder of anything. Not one. We want food and seed sovereignty. We want liberation and we want it now! 

I may seemingly have no power, but I got a lot of flesh in this game. You hear me? That’s right. And those of us with a lot of flesh in this game are not afraid to lose. This Empire already done stripped us of everything, taking our very humaneness away, stripping us of our kin and separating us from the natural world of which we are a part. We ain’t afraid of what we might lose for they have already taken our everything. They took the land from itself. But now it’s time to repent and change our ways. Our waiting is over. We are here not only to rejoice in God’s advent. We are here to take part in it also. And together, beloved, together with God in our midst liberation will indeed fall on all flesh. 

Thanks be to God. 

1. https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/11/1106302
2. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2021/02/02/Scientists-warn-factory-farming-raises-future-pandemic-risk-COVID-19-could-be-a-dress-rehearsal
3. https://www.vox.com/2020/10/21/21363990/factory-farms-next-swine-influenza-pandemic
4. https://www.ciwf.org.uk/our-campaigns/other-campaigns/factory-farming-and-pandemics/
5. Mary Oliver, The Journey
6. Women’s Lectionary for the Whole Church, Wilda Gafney. page 4.
7. Women’s Lectionary for the Whole Church, Wilda Gafney. page 6.
8.Women’s Lectionary for the Whole Church, Wilda Gafney. page 7.
9.Rev. Dr. James Cone, in God of the Oppressed found on The Decolonized Christian Instagram of footnote 4]

Rethinking My White Vegan Advocacy at Thanksgiving

By Sarah Withrow King

Five years ago, I wrote an article for CreatureKind called “Turkey Talk: Christians and the Thanksgiving Meal.” Even though all the facts about turkeys remain true, I wouldn’t write that article today.

I confess that the article as it’s written upholds settler colonial ideas, failing to spend even one line of text interrogating participation in U.S. Thanksgiving, a day with origins tied to the mass deaths of the Wampanoag and other Indigenous peoples after my settler colonial ancestors sailed from England and landed at Plymouth. And I neglected to discuss the ways that turkeys, native to Turtle Island and both hunted and domesticated by Indigenous peoples, were hunted to dangerously low population numbers by the same settler colonists and their descendants. Wild turkey populations were then manipulated in order to rebuild numbers to allow hunting by colonizers (regulated by and profiting individual state governments). 

I confess that the article as it’s written gives short shrift to the ways that industrial agriculture in the United States harms BIPOC and marginalized humans. The slaughterhouse workers, migrant and farm workers, farmers, food service workers, residents of communities experiencing food apartheid, and communities fighting for food sovereignty deserve more than six words of attention. And, in fact, repeated failure to center the experiences and struggles of the human creatures in the food system perpetuated an environment in which COVID-19 ran unchecked through communities of employees and families on whose exploited labor our food system depends (here, here, and here, for example). 

I confess that the article as it’s written upholds an approach to animal advocacy that is deeply rooted in white veganism, and a white racial frame. Aph Ko says, “Within a Eurocentric analysis, activists have to spend all of their time ‘connecting’ issues because everything is always and already singular and separate at the root. This should be our first sign that the theory we’re using is designed around the experiences of the white elites, not our own.” For many years, my animal advocacy and writing was rooted in my white privilege, without my awareness of that fact. I assumed it was possible to “focus on the animals” because I assumed my (white, educated, privileged) position was the norm.

I would write a different article today—and I look at Thanksgiving very differently now—thanks to the friends, partners, and teachers I have encountered in the last five years as we have begun to build and shape CreatureKind and as my own approach to advocacy has been reshaped. Of course, my continued oversights and blunders don’t reflect on the quality of my teachers or my own commitment to forging a better path forward than the one on which I’ve come. My teachers include:

  • CreatureKind co-director Rev. Aline Silva

  • Rev. Dr. Christopher Carter

  • The training team at Soul Fire Farm

  • Rev. Dr. Randy Woodley

  • Dr. Elaine Nogueira-Godsey

  • Dr. Loida Martel

  • Mark Charles

  • Writers and teachers who I have learned from, but never met, including: Aph and Syl Ko, Dr. A. Breeze Harper, Eleazar Fernandez, Gustavo Gutierrez, James Cone, Vine Deloria, Ada Maria Isasi Diaz, Layla F. Saad, and Delores S. Williams.

  • And current and past CreatureKind staff and contributors, including Shae Washington, Megan Grigorian, Ashley Lewis, Karla Mendoza, Liesl Stewart, and Rachel Virginia Hester. 

As the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday approaches this year, I lament that the food system in the U.S.—a system which is rapidly spreading its tactics throughout the world—creates hunger, environmental destruction, and brutal suffering for humans and animals alike. I lament my own participation in that system. I lament the miserable lives and violent deaths of 46 million turkeys for the U.S. Thanksgiving meal and the uncounted and unknown number of human deaths in slaughterhouses each year. I lament the continued marginalization and abuse of Indigenous communities and that I live in a home that sits on unceded land of two Native tribes

I commit to working towards food sovereignty in my community, by growing and giving away food and seeds, by supporting Indigenous seed-savers, and by continuing to interrogate my own food practices instead of resting on the laurels of a label (vegan, vegetarian, localvore, etc.).  

I commit to continue the work of recognizing and dismantling the colonial, white supremacist impulses into which I was acculturated, to work with others to reconstruct a new way, and to breathe deeply of the Holy Spirit as I resist the urge to give up or to wallow in shame or self-pity.

And I commit to continue working  to embody the interdependence of God’s whole Creation—to be a creaturekind advocate, in joyful community with God, with God’s Church, and with all creatures.

Growing Up at an Adventist Table

BY: LINDA NCUBE

Growing Up at an Adventist Table 

In the beginning of Creation everything was just perfect, and God said it was good. In the garden of Eden, Adam and Eve were given fruits and vegetation for their food consumption.  According to the NIV Bible, Genesis 1:29, “Then God said, ‘I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food.’” God as the Creator knew that the diet was sufficient for their bodily needs. 

I grew up in a Seventh-day Adventist Church in Zimbabwe, and my father was a church elder for as long as I could remember. He loved that his family ate according to The Spirit of Prophecy. The Spirit of Prophecy is the church doctrine that teaches temperance in eating, according to our Prophetess, Ellen G White, who wrote many books on health and reform. There are two books that I vividly remember from our family library from which my father would make us read in the evening services after the Bible readings. These were Counsels on Diet and Food and The Ministry of Healing by Ellen G White. Each day he would assign a page or two for us, his five kids, to read, and he or my mother would then interpret and expand on what we had read. This explanation was important for us because, without it, we did not even understand or comprehend the meaning of what we read. My father told us that, by letting us do the readings, he was trying to cultivate in us a habit of liking to read while also improving our English, which would be helpful in our schoolwork. 

My mother tried her best to live by the church ethics. The Seventh-day Adventist Church discourages the use of non-human animals and their products as food. I remember one night after the evening service at home, my father announced that he and my mom had decided that we would abstain from eating non-human animals. The family had little problem with the transition. But, our parents had to travel to the nearest city, which is around 700km round trip, to get the required foods and ingredients for our new diet, since the small town where we lived — Dete, in Hwange District — did not have most of the vegetarian items required. My maternal grandma stayed a 5 minutes’ walk from our house, and she did not take well to our family’s decision to be vegetarians. She would feed us meat when we visited her and told us not to tell our parents. She felt that we would be lacking in protein, and she always referred to members of our church who were vegan as folks who look malnourished. My grandma, in her old age, did this with a pure heart. She had concern for her grandchildren, and as a member of the Anglican Church, she did not understand the principles of the Adventists around food and the consumption of non-human animals.

My father sustained and provided for the family by having chickens.  In the yard the fowl runs would, at one time, contain 50 broilers and 100 egg-laying hens. It was a small fowl run because we lived in a high density area of about 250 square meters. People who could afford such projects at that time were considered a better class, as they could choose to be involved in the so called “civilised” income generating projects, as compared to the poor who had the indigenous free range chickens. Though we had become vegetarians, we continued rearing the chickens, and we were taught that the broilers should be given a small space to roam around so that they would not waste energy but instead use their energy to make them fatter. I remember how we would be grateful for having broilers that would move just three steps or so and then sit down, not knowing how we were promoting the abuse of the farmed chickens. For us it was an achievement to have such chickens — chickens that ate store-bought feed as compared to the free range chickens. My father would boast to his customers that the broilers would help them save money as they had so much fat. No extra cooking oil required.  

I feel guilty for the atrocities we caused to the chickens in the name of our survival and economic status. But, I am quick to forgive myself.  We did not know any better.  We were misled and taught to think by colonizers that this was the mark of our civilization — having chickens raised by Black people that could be consumed within five weeks.

Now that I know, as a Black Christian woman in the Seventh-day Adventist Church, I seek to help myself and others to do what is right, to not make our tables be the cause of suffering for non-human animals. I consider it my mission to teach my church members about the need to adopt a plant-based diet, which does not promote the suffering of farmed animals that are consumed as food.

Our family also had a garden where my father planted foreign vegetables such as lettuce, baby marrows, eggplants, etc. My father worked in a local hotel in a game park, in addition to raising chickens, so he got to know and see whites’ food.  He boasted about eating what the whites ate, poor man, unknowingly promoting white supremacy and colonization. I forgive him because he did not know any better. We all have been socialised to think that everything from the white community was perfect for us, and therefore, it made us better humans.

One of the many vegetables that we had in the garden was spinach, and all of my siblings hated it. Mother would cook it with peanut butter, and she would read to us from a church recipe book called Progressive Cooking by Paulina Long. On page 56, under the sub topic, “Spinach,” the book read, “The children should be taught to like it and eat it for health’s sake.” But I am happy now that spinach is one of my favourites. I no longer eat it for health’s sake. Instead, I enjoy it, with peanut butter. As I grew, I realised that our traditional Zimbawen diet was the healthiest and have since gone back to it even though my children do not like it. They always jokingly say, “Whatever mom eats is tasteless.”

What if we, Christians, listen to the instruction that was given at the time of Creation?

Assimilation, colonization, imperialism, and white supremacy made many people forget the traditions of their ancestors and the foods they ate. In fact, most Africans look at our ancestral foods with shame and associate it with poverty. As a Black woman from the Black community in Africa, I can tell you that we were socialised to associate everything from white people as better for us. But the betterment they taught us was foundational for building systems that were dangerous to us, for us, our food security, and our environment as well. Prior to our colonization and the arrival of white people, we cultivated most of our foods in traditional ways that were free from chemicals. These ways were very original to us and were nutritious as well. Colonization not only deprived indigenous people of food and ceremony, but also the cultural knowledge of food and its preparation was lost along the way. This includes teachings about wild plants and the ongoing controversies of hunting — be it trophy or sport hunting — whilst our ancestors hunted for food consumption. The colonizers also displaced the indigenous people from their fertile lands to barren land, and because the barren land could not produce enough food, Black people had no choice but to get into the cheap labour of the white man’s land.

The plate below is one of my favourite traditional dishes — pounded millet with herbed beans. I usually share such meals on the Sabbath lunch with my church mates.  Millet is said to have originated more than 4000 years ago from a wild West African grass. The superfood tolerates adverse growth conditions and serves as an important food source in many parts of the world. As a Seventh-day Adventist, we mainly reserve the best foods for this day, Saturday, because it is a celebration day. The food is prepared on Fridays, and we primarily choose foods that do not spoil in a short span of time, especially for people who do not have refrigerators. Our faith is founded in Exodus 20:8–10 (Good News Bible), which says, “Observe the Sabbath and keep it holy. You have six days in which to do your work, but the seventh day is a day of rest dedicated to me. On that day no one is to work, neither you, your children, your slaves, your animals, nor the foreigners who live in your country.” And again in Exodus 16:23, “The Lord has commanded that tomorrow is a holy day of rest, dedicated to him. Bake today what you want to bake and boil what you want to boil. On Sabbath thus we do not do any work instead we spend the holy hours in the church. We observe the Sabbath from Friday sunset to Saturday sunset.”

Pounded millet with herbed beans

Now that I know better

Now that I know that plant-based eating is best for me, for non-human animals, and for the earth; now that I know that animals are beloved creatures just like myself — like the Samaritan woman at the well in John 4, who after talking to Jesus, ran back to the city and told everyone what she had heard from Jesus; now that I know, it is my mission to tell others and to advocate for non-human animals. It is my mission to care for them in a way that promotes their five freedoms, as listed below:

  1. Freedom from hunger and thirst

  2. Freedom from discomfort

  3. Freedom from pain, injury, and disease

  4. Freedom to express normal and natural behaviour

  5. Freedom from fear and distress

I am also committed to promoting eating that is similar to what God provided at the time of the Creation, the Eden diet, which is a form of eating by Black people for Black people. It is safe for the planet and does not include the abuse of other bodies. Non-human animals are here on planet earth with us to share life abundantly. They are not here to be a commodity or to be treated as a product. These are individual beings with feelings. They have the ability to experience pain, fear, and the desire to live. Non-human animals have love for their families and aim to protect them, for example the hen will fight the black eagle who is trying to snatch away its chicks from her.  She is protecting her children because she loves them and cares for them. Let not my colonized, acquired taste for animal flesh be the cause of their pain.  We can do better for ourselves and for non-humans, so help me God. 

A Holy Kind of Proximity

BY JORDAN HUMPHREY

Pigs

When I was a child, growing up in the suburbs of North Carolina, my mother got the wild idea that she would surprise my uncle with a Christmas gift of two potbellied pigs. My uncle was the type of man you might call eclectic. He lived at the end of a long gravel road, in a cabin he’d built with his own two hands; he had a menagerie of animals that roamed about his property: a flock of guinea hens, a litter of cats, and a small pack of mutts.

In the weeks leading up to Christmas, my siblings and I looked after the young pigs, chasing them around our basement and taking them on leashed walks around our neighborhood. They were about the size of cats, all cute and cuddly, and we could not believe they would one day grow to weigh as much as 200 lbs (or 90 kgs).

As Christmas drew closer, my siblings and I had a difficult time preparing to say goodbye to our new friends. We had grown to love how their little hooves slid across the floor and how their drooping tummies jiggled back and forth. We held our breath when, on Christmas morning, my uncle sat on a bar stool, blindfolded, while my mother brought in the pigs, one in each arm, eyes wide and tails wagging.

To my mother’s surprise, my uncle declined the pigs and we happily brought them back home. Soon after, during a thunderstorm, a neighborhood dog attacked and killed both of them. As an eight-year-old kid, I was devastated. At church when I asked the pastor if animals went to heaven, I wasn’t taken seriously. At home when I stopped eating meat, my parents didn’t know what to do. I was in the second grade and knew nothing of vegetarianism. I knew only that I could not eat something as loving, as curious, and as cute as Moonlight and Shadow. 

Any animal lover will tell you this—there is something about getting to know another living being that inextricably links us to their well-being. And this link allows us to see the animal not as a nameless thing but as a unique being, created by God, capable of both joy and suffering.

Before welcoming pigs into our home, I did not know this truth. I knew the taste of bacon. I knew pigs lived on farms, but I knew them only from a distance. Then, sharing a home with Moonlight and Shadow changed me, and I could no longer see pigs as mere things.

If this is true, then perhaps it is distance that allows the atrocities of industrial agriculture and factory farming. Perhaps it is only through concealed slaughterhouses and plastic-wrapped meats, through the renaming and repackaging of animal bodies, that industries can farm other species with little to no concern for their quality of life. And perhaps these injustices result less from a lack of concern for animal welfare and more from the emotional protection offered by distance.

The opposite of distance is proximity. While distance distorts reality, proximity confronts it. While distance pretends suffering does not exist, proximity accepts the truth of the sufferer. Moreover, as Christians, we might find comfort in a God, who is not distant but is intimately connected to Creation. A God who has counted the hairs on our heads, who cares for every sparrow that falls. A God who showed up, right smack-dab in the middle of a manger, who put on creaturely flesh and came to live among us creatures. Not a God out there, but a God who is here — a God who’s with us.

To live a flourishing life, to be transformed by our proximate God, we must become proximate to Creation. All of it — the pain and the pleasure, the suffering and the joy. Jeanette Armstrong, an Environmental Ethics scholar and a keeper of traditional knowledge of the Okanagan Nation, said recently that “society changes when transformative experiences are made available.”1 Not through guilt-tripping, not through arguing, not through scientific data – but through transformative experiences, which can only happen in proximity.

Sanctuary

For me, one of these transformative experiences happened at a farmed animal sanctuary. I had hoped to take my partner to see goats (her favorite animal) at a farm outside of New York City for a birthday surprise. But instead of a simple meet-and-greet with goats, we were taken along on a tour of the sanctuary. While we spent time with the residents, scratching pig bellies and letting cows lick our hands, we learned about the industries that exploit their bodies. We learned about chickens bred to gain so much weight their legs cripple underneath them and about calves taken from their mother on their first day of life. We were asked to hold, simultaneously, the delight of interacting with the animals alongside the knowledge of suffering our food system causes. And through becoming proximate to the animals’ joy as well as their suffering, our hearts were transformed.

In 1986, Farm Sanctuary began in upstate New York as the first farmed animal sanctuary. Today, there are more than a hundred throughout the US and many more scattered throughout the world. The concept is simple: farmed animals are rescued from the abuses of factory farming and provided a safe place to live out the rest of their lives. They are not used for human consumption nor valued for what they supply humans with, but are instead recognized as equals, as kin, as beings worthy of a flourishing life. 

But why a sanctuary? Why not free the animals on a big plot of land and turn away, letting them live without the constant gaze, chatter, and touch of humans? I have found two reasons. First, most farmed animals would not survive in the wild due to breeding patterns that have increased their bulk and docility, causing more and more harm to their bodies. Secondly, by living in a safe and stable environment, the residents become ambassadors for their species, allowing visitors to encounter them not as consumable commodities but as fellow creatures. 

After my partner and I visited the farm animal sanctuary, our vegetarian diets quickly became vegan. We learned how to make baked goods without eggs (substituting applesauce, or mashed banana), and how to add creaminess to foods without dairy (using coconut milk, or avocados). We volunteered at farms and animal sanctuaries, hoping to connect our practices to our preaching, our ethics to our lives. Last summer, we took care of a farmed animal sanctuary in Georgia while the owners went away. There were cows, donkeys, goats, and chickens. The chickens, especially, seemed to live a good life, with space to roam, bushes to shelter under, berries to pick, and dust to bathe in. On hot days we would feed them frozen fruits, and at night each small flock got an electric fan to keep them cool.

Our focused care for the animals promoted their well-being as equal to our own, and yet there was something about our work at the sanctuary that felt isolating. We had come to the farm from New York City at the height of the George Floyd protests and the 7:00 pm cheer for essential workers battling COVID-19. At the farm, we couldn’t help but feel disconnected from the pain and reckoning our communities were going through.

Solidarity

Womanist theologian M. Shawn Copeland writes that “through the praxis of solidarity, we not only apprehend and are moved by the suffering of the other, we confront and address its oppressive cause and shoulder the other’s suffering.”2 At the farm in Georgia, I struggled with the question of whose suffering to shoulder. I realized that proximity to one type of suffering may result in distance from another. I continue to struggle with how to respond. 

As much as I want to pretend that animal welfare is merely a matter of dietary choices and showing kindness to animals, I am learning that oppressive systems are often much too complex to be changed by any single-sized solution. The food system trapping animals in horrible living conditions is the same system trapping our neighbors in oppressive conditions. I think about migrant workers in slaughterhouses forced to tolerate hazardous environments for meager pay; I think about the lack of nutritious, affordable food in low-income neighborhoods; I think about the social and economic barriers that have shaped the eating habits of marginalized communities.

I guess what I’m wrestling with here is: to what communities am I allowing myself to become proximate? By shouldering the suffering of one community, am I ignoring the suffering of others? Or is it possible that, by standing in solidarity with a chicken in a sanctuary in Georgia, I am playing a small yet honest role in confronting these complex and oppressive systems?

I do not have answers to these questions. I do not know what transformative experiences may be necessary to guide us towards the liberation of all beings. I do not know, currently, what standing in solidarity looks like outside the walls of an animal sanctuary. But I do know that the one whom we call the Good Samaritan was not the person who turned away or continued walking down the path. No, the one we know as the Good Samaritan was the one who Christ said left the path, the one who saw the stranger and climbed down in the ditch, the one who was moved by a holy kind of proximity.3

1Indigenous Economics. YouTube. IntlForum, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ib9BVGDW6sw.
2 Copeland, M. Shawn. Enfleshing Freedom: Body, Race, and Being. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2010.
3 Luke 10.29-37.

CreatureKind Corner: Meet Aline Silva

by Aline Silva

I was born in Sao Paulo, Brasil and grew up between the cities of Cotia and Itapevi, just on the outskirts of Sao Paulo. Currently, I reside in the unceded lands of the Tequesta, Taino, and Seminole peoples, named South Florida, USA with my main squeeze and canine companion, Paçoca (pah-saw-kah). I am one of two co-directors of CreatureKind focusing on Community Development and am the founder, creator, and director of the CreatureKind Fellowship Program. As you may have read, CreatureKind encourages Christians to recognize faith-based reasons for caring about the wellbeing of fellow animal creatures used for food, and to take practical action in response.

I have been coaching for a little over six years and pastoring folks of all ages since I was twenty-one years old. I graduated with my Master of Divinity from Central Baptist Theological Seminary in 2014 and shortly after became a certified Life Coach.

As you all may have experienced, Christian leadership and ministry take many forms. My work with CreatureKind is a large part of what it means for me as a Christian individual doing church ministry that is relevant for this very time and place. As I will highlight below, the farming of animals has permeated many areas of my and my community’s lives.

I have been plant-based since 2010 when I suddenly became aware of our current industrial agriculture practices and how they prevent fellow creatures from worshiping our Creator.

As a first-generation immigrant of Brasil to the United States, being plant-based means caring for my community. The vast majority of field workers are people of color living in rural, low-income communities. Approximately 75% of field workers were born south of the US border and have either attained a visa or remain undocumented.1 These siblings of mine are responsible for feeding people in North America and all over the world. They work in harsh conditions and are unable to demand safety because of their vulnerable status. We most recently saw this when Immigration Customs Enforcement raided a Mississippi chicken plant after migrant workers filed a sexual harassment complaint against their supervisor. Similarly, in my native land of Brasil, COVID-19 cases can be traced to the meatpacking industry, which is mostly staffed by Indigenous persons who are also disproportionately affected by this virus and other disparities. Additionally, we know that as the largest producer of livestock in the Americas and the second-largest producer in the world, Brasil is responsible for the deforestation of the Amazon, the displacement of millions of Indigenous peoples, and the endangerment of many protected wild animal species.
As a Woman of Color, especially of African and Native American descent born in Brasil, being plant-based and advocating for the welfare of farmed animals means caring for my sisters here and all over the world. Black and Indigenous women are the foundation of the church and the over-explored2 world’s agricultural economy. But we receive only a fraction of the land, training, and economic support that white cis heterosexual men do. Women comprise 43% of agricultural labor worldwide (75% in Africa) and produce more than 80% of the foods required in food-insecure households and regions.3 Additionally, female farmed animals are the ones continuously raped for their milk while at the same time having their kids kidnapped. Female animals are continuously measured and groped for larger breasts, thicker thighs, and efficient reproductive organs, while their male counterparts are either discarded or raised in total isolation. It is also interesting to note that the standards for good quality meat — including breast size — are set by wealthy, cis heterosexual, white men, and the industries they fund.4

As a Queer person, being plant-based and advocating for the welfare of farmed animals means caring for those whose bodies are mutilated or discarded shortly after birth simply for not fitting the colonized gender binary or its standards. It also means resisting an industry and questioning their easy access to hormones and antibiotics for cents on the dollar, for 70+ billion land animals, when we cannot provide hormone therapy for my trans siblings, or universal healthcare for all, let alone for the most vulnerable or marginalized, or even a vaccine patent for over-explored communities that are purposefully left even more vulnerable during the pandemic. 

As Amos who prophesied good news to the agrarian and the land, I minister in care of animals, peoples, and the whole of God’s creation. If being a plant-based Christian is part of the Gospel, and if the Gospel truly is the Good News of God, it’s got to be so for every body, which is why we seek to dismantle and resist the systems described here that dominate our lives.  

I look forward to walking alongside each of you as you discern how your Christian faith will inform how you love farmed animals, the environment, and other people, including those working in the industry, such as farm and meatpacking plant workers here and all over the world. 


1A Story of Impact: NIOSH Pesticide Poisoning Monitoring Program Protects Farmworkers.” Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Retrieved 3/3/2013 from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-108/pdfs/2012-108.pdf.

2I use the term “over-explored” rather than the commonly used phrases “developing world” and “third-world” because those are colonizer terms used to describe the very places and peoples colonizers have over-explored, over-extracted, and displaced.

3Christopher Carter in the Society of Christian Ethics, Food Ethics in Practice, a joint presentation for JIFA and CreatureKind, Winter 2020.

4A key example is Jeffrey Bezos, billionaire entrepreneur, and founder and executive chairman of Amazon, which also owns the influential grocery chain, Whole Foods. His fortune has funded such projects as a recent trip beyond earth’s atmosphere on his own private rocket. He is commonly under ethical scrutiny, as in this recent article: https://medium.com/the-interlude/another-reason-not-to-do-prime-day-the-whole-foods-ceo-has-no-understanding-of-food-justice-6f0fe7fa770b.

A Story of Renewal

By Lee Palumbo 

This is a story written and told by Lee Palumbo at CreatureKind’s LoveFeast service. You can view a live version of the story here

ROMANS 12:2 International Standard Version

“Do not be conformed to this world, but continuously be transformed by the renewing of your minds so that you may be able to determine what God's will is—what is proper, pleasing, and perfect”

unsplash-image-OMGxWubC7kg.jpg

When my child Wren announced they were vegan I silently groaned. It seemed like just another rebellious act in a long line of rebellious acts that had left us reeling and exhausted over the puberty years. I politely listened to the stories and descriptions of farming practices, the baby animals, the overwhelming numbers, and mostly filed them in my brain as “too hard to think about.” Sometimes their eyes would well up and tears flowed down their cheeks simply because we were eating cheese. It seemed disproportionate at the time, and I remember dismissing their feelings as an overreaction.

Dismissing their reality.

Dismissing their insight.

Gaslighting is often experienced by vegans. It is not always consciously intentional; it is done to defend another’s reality. But it hurts those on the receiving end and can lead to deep anxiety. It is experienced as silence, eyerolls, jokes about bacon and dying of protein deficiency, and the typecasting of vegans as militant, extreme, and humourless. Gaslighting is nuanced and passive aggressive, and it is often an attempt to bring the other into order.

I deeply regret the dismissive comments I made at that time. But their persistence worked, and so did watching the movie Dominion. We watched it together as a family, and finally two years after the first conversation, the whole family went vegan. While the change seemed to happen overnight, it was — just like any conversion —  actually a long journey,  and my faithful child was there preaching all the way. 

Cheese and the whole dairy industry then became the epitome to us of everything that is exploitative and wrong about current food and farming systems in developed countries. Stealing calves and stealing milk on stolen land. I was starting to see that the whole picture of colonial exploitation sat juxtaposed to the history and practices of first nations people, which involve collaborative and integrated approaches to living with animals and the land. A renewal of our minds about food had begun, and the connections to a theology of caring for the planet and everything on it became apparent.

At first it was hard work. Our minds were stuck in an old system of food. But over time we explored the bigger picture and the thousands of different recipes that have been developed by people all over the world who use veg as their default. Now, we eat a bigger variety of foods than ever before. My spice cupboard is a chef’s dream.

Wren’s every day is a living sacrifice — saving  half-dead lambs from the winter frost, picking up abandoned old sheep no longer able to walk, re-homing injured hens discarded by the chicken farm, and the list goes on. Most of the little money Wren has goes towards their upkeep and vet bills. I’m so grateful and proud of their nonconformity and abandonment of external pressures on who they are and the life they have chosen. I am passionate about changing our trajectory on this planet, and sparing farmed animals is a huge part of that. I feel a clear direction given by our Creator, so I do it because I feel a desire to align with God's will for my life. Yet, all around me are activists doing way more than I am, just because it’s the right thing to do for the common good, often unaware of the Creator who loves them. I am humbled by their dedication, love, and commitment. Their lives are shaped by their ethics, and to a degree, by vegan culture. Our lives as followers of Jesus need to be shaped by the “Kingdom come, His will be done,” or it will be shaped by the culture instead.

Last year I was lucky enough to be one of the fellows in the CreatureKind Fellowship Program. One of the reasons I applied was to deepen my understanding of my new vegan life from a biblical and theological perspective. I wanted it to refine my thinking. We learnt so much, but what struck me the most was how limited my understanding was at the beginning, due to my worldview. I am an immigrant from a colonial background, my worldview shaped by my European middle class-ness. My food choices had been shaped by this, too. The fellowship helped to renew my thinking, embrace a wider perspective, and look at the cross section of social injustices that are interwoven into our current food system. It's bigger than I ever imagined. It left me with a heart on fire for action.

You know we are called for times like this.

Esther 4:14 CEV

“If you don’t speak up now, we will somehow get help, but you and your family will be killed. It could be that you were made queen for a time like this!”

How scary it is to speak out against the popular narrative of the day, and those of you who have been vegan for a long time will know all about this. Social media death is guaranteed when you speak out against animal farming. Just try it. But even in the middle of a global pandemic, with a global rise in nationalism, racism, temperatures — a  time of increased poverty and a tsunami of mental health issues coming — you need to speak. For evil to continue we only need to do one thing — nothing. Esther and Wren both found their purpose outside of the safe zone of cultural expectations.

So what can we do? Well, you can continue to live your everyday life, capturing the smallest details of it, and place it before God as an offering. Your food, your thoughts, your dreams and imaginings. From your cup of Fair Trade coffee in the morning to your Vietnamese tofu burgers in the evening, and thank God for every bit of it. Be grateful you are called out of certain cultural norms, your heritage that binds, your family traditions steeped in a bygone era. You are called to a life that sees the Creator in the simplicity of the everyday, and yet, called to change the world through your every breath, your every prayer, and your every action. You are the people of the restoration, a new world coming, and that can only be seen in the everyday. Be shaped by the kingdom, on earth as it is in heaven, or you will be shaped by cultural norms. Stand in that space, protected, empowered, and fed by the Creator God.

We will fail in all of this, too, and we will need grace every day. But be assured that the Creator brings out the best in you, and that is something you can rely on  in this volatile world in which we live. God’s will be done. God's perfect, proper, and pleasing will, forever and ever, amen.

Recipes to Welcome in a New Season

By Megan Grigorian 

In the Global North, fall is almost upon us, and a new school year has begun. The South is anticipating the start of spring when new life bursts forth. All around the world, we're experiencing seasons of renewal. Recently, CreatureKind hosted a LoveFeast wherein we considered ways the Church might renew its thinking about food and food practices. (Check out this link to the LoveFeast service on CreatureKind’s YouTube page. You’ll hear a profound story about renewal and be offered some reflection questions to help consider your own  experience.) The topic got me thinking about meals that highlight the harvest of seasonal vegetables. They remind me that opportunities for renewal come in many forms, many times per year. Hearty root vegetables in the fall, leafy greens in the spring. The satisfaction felt, inside and out, from a flavorful vegetable-forward meal is hard to beat. 

Below are a variety of recipes from plant-based chefs all over the globe that spotlight vegetables. In the spirit of renewal, perhaps you might try one  that features ingredients you haven’t used before or in a while. Enjoy the process. 

Lord, bless our meal, and as You satisfy the needs of each of us, make us mindful of the needs of others. 

-Prayer from Mount St. Mary’s Abbey 

Carrot and Coriander Soup 

Photo from Avant Garde Vegan, by Gaz Oakley 

Photo from Avant Garde Vegan, by Gaz Oakley 

When I think of my favorite cozy fall meals, I think root vegetables—sweet potatoes, turnips, fennel, ginger, and many more. Carrots are the root-vegetable star of this soup recipe by the Avant Garde Vegan, Gaz Oakley. A divine combination of spices leads to a creamy, flavorful, fresh soup with crispy homemade croutons topping it off to make the perfect bite. (For a simple, bonus carrot recipe, try this combination of orange-braised carrots and parsnips. Never fails.) 

Warm Kale and Artichoke Dip 

Photo from Blissful Basil

Photo from Blissful Basil

Lots of greens are coming into season in the Global South. This Warm Kale and Artichoke Dip by longtime plant-based chef Tal Ronnen is a fun way to incorporate those nutrient-dense vegetables, while still highlighting their inherent, undeniable tastiness. When you prepare this  healthier, flavorful twist on the classic spinach and artichoke dip, consider serving it hot with veggies or some salty crackers. Chef’s kiss. 

Chickpea Potato Curry with Peas 

Photo of Chickpea Potato Curry With Peas by Photographer Vanessa Rees

Photo of Chickpea Potato Curry With Peas by Photographer Vanessa Rees

This list of chef Isa Chandra Moskowitz’s top five simple plant-based recipes has some real gems, but I keep coming back to her Chickpea Potato Curry for an easy weeknight dinner that uses most everything I already keep in my pantry. It’s fast, it’s fresh, it’s comforting, it delivers, and it’s fit for any season

Creamy Vegan Cabbage Pasta 

Photo from The Accidental Chef 

Photo from The Accidental Chef 

Another leafy green, springtime dish that is oh-so-satisfying is Creamy Vegan Cabbage Pasta. From UK plant-based blogger, The Accidental Chef, the pasta sauce here coats the cabbage, complementing its texture and makes for a filling meal that will have you coming back for seconds every time. 

Vegetable Pot Pie

A list of vegetable-forward meals wouldn’t be complete without a pot pie. This slam-dunk recipe from Ayinde Howell, an American soul food chef who specializes in vegan cuisine, wraps the fresh, delectable veggies in a flaky crust that looks like a dream and feels like a big hug. It’s perfect for a crisp fall night, or one of those chillier spring evenings as winter comes to an end. Take your time with this one to enjoy the prep and the beautiful rainbow of vegetables that go into this pie—that’s the fun of it. 

Blackberry Apple Crumble Cake 

Photo from Great British Chefs 

Photo from Great British Chefs 

No vegetables here, but every meal is made better with a little sweetness at the end, and this Blackberry Apple Crumble Cake by Henrietta Inman marries spring and fall together beautifully. The tartness of these two fruits and the sweetness of the cake is just a perfect combination that is both rich and light, rustic and elegant, fresh and filling. This is also a great dessert for our gluten-free friends.